Equilibrium analyses and operational designs of a coupled market with substitutive and complementary ride-sourcing services to public transits

Authors

Jintao Ke
Zheng Zhu
Hai Yang
Qiaochu He

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

2021

Subject Area

operations - coordination, ridership - demand, planning - methods, planning - integration

Keywords

On-demand ride-sourcing, Public transits, Cooperation, Complementation, Substitution

Abstract

The emerging on-demand ride-sourcing programs provided by transportation network companies (TNCs) have been reshaping the transportation industry. Research efforts in this area have covered topics such as supply-demand equilibrium, pricing, matching, dispatching, but have not fully spread to the potential impacts of ride-sourcing on public transit in multi-modal transportation systems. On the one hand, ride-sourcing services act as convenient feeders to solve first-mile/last-mile problems for public transit riders. On the other hand, direct origin-to-destination ride-sourcing services may also absorb passengers from public transit. In this paper, we propose a user equilibrium based mathematical model to analyze complement and substitution of ride-sourcing to public transit. Through both analytical and numerical discussions, we find that the fleet size of ride-sourcing vehicles can critically affect the complementary and substitutive relationship between ride-sourcing and public transit, and ride-sourcing service fares affect the market share between first-mile/last-mile (i.e., from origin to the transportation hub or from the hub to destination) and direct (i.e., from origin to destination) ride-sourcing services. We also examine the optimal strategies to maximize the TNC’s profit and/or social welfare and find that the TNC can implement a Pareto-efficient strategy that makes both the two objectives better off.

Rights

Permission to publish the abstract has been given by Elsevier, copyright remains with them.

Comments

Transportation Research Part E Home Page:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13665545

Recommended Citation

Ke, J., Zhu, Z., Yang, H., & He, Q. (2021). Equilibrium analyses and operational designs of a coupled market with substitutive and complementary ride-sourcing services to public transits. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol. 148, 102236.