Bimodal transit design with heterogeneous demand elasticity under different fare structures
Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Date
2025
Subject Area
mode - bus, mode - bus rapid transit, mode - rail, ridership - demand, ridership - elasticity, ridership - modelling, economics - profitability, policy - fares, planning - methods
Keywords
Public transit, bimodal transit, demand elasticity, profit maximisation, transit fare
Abstract
The study develops a new optimisation model to design a bimodal transit system from a microeconomic view to maximise the profit of a transit agency considering heterogeneous demand elasticity and different fare structures. Bimodal transit network parameters are optimized to better serve passenger demand. An elastic demand function is devised to include various time components and incorporate flat, distance-based, and hybrid fares. A nested iterative procedure is developed to find a near-optimal solution. Numerical experiments reveal the following interesting findings. First, the increase in elasticity parameters has a knock-on effect on the financial performance, consequently leading to a net profit reduction. Second, a distance-based fare scheme brings in the least actual demand but makes the most profit, compared with the flat and hybrid fare schemes. Third, passengers prefer using a rail-bus system to a BRT-bus system, especially at a higher demand level.
Rights
Permission to publish the abstract has been given by Taylor&Francis, copyright remains with them.
Recommended Citation
Yang, Y., Jiang, X., Yan, Y., Liu, T., & Jiang, Y. (2025). Bimodal transit design with heterogeneous demand elasticity under different fare structures. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 21(1), 2231091.
