The bi-mode problem with modular buses and private vehicles in the autonomous driving environment
Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Date
2025
Subject Area
mode - bus, mode - car, infrastructure - vehicle, technology - automatic vehicle monitoring, planning - travel demand management, ridership - commuting
Keywords
Bottleneck model, autonomous modular bus, bi-mode problem, traffic equilibrium
Abstract
In the process of continuous development of autonomous driving technology, there has been an evolution towards the intensification of transportation through autonomous modular bus (AMB). This paper proposes an innovative bi-mode bottleneck model that analyzes the equilibrium problem of the system consisting of AMBs and autonomous private vehicles (APVs) during the morning commuting process. We categorize all potential commuting modes and provides analytical solutions. Additionally, the impact of fixed passenger load, linear passenger load, and penetration rate under equilibrium condition is explored. Influenced by the coupling efficiency of AMB, there exist six possible equilibrium departure patterns in the mixed system with the fixed load. Throughout the entire stage of introducing AMBs, it has positive effects on reducing societal costs and alleviating road congestion. As the technology matures, a transition towards AMBs becoming the predominant mode of transportation. This study provides valuable insights for managers in implementing strategic decisions.
Rights
Permission to publish the abstract has been given by Taylor&Francis, copyright remains with them.
Recommended Citation
Li, C., Zhang, M., Jiang, G., & Wang, T. (2025). The bi-mode problem with modular buses and private vehicles in the autonomous driving environment. Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, 13(1), 2440806.
