TOD-related features and station-level ridership: insights from the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia
Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Date
2025
Subject Area
place - asia, place - urban, mode - rail, land use - planning, land use - impacts, land use - transit oriented development, infrastructure - station, ridership - modelling
Keywords
Transit-oriented development, Transit ridership, Spatial regressions, Jakarta
Abstract
This paper contributes to the extensive literature on Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) by examining the association between TOD-related features and station-level ridership using the Commuter Rail Line system in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA), Indonesia, as a case study. We empirically test this hypothesized association through a series of statistical analyses, drawing from the Direct Ridership Model (DRM) literature. We incorporate indicators of station-level built environment as TOD-related features, along with socio-demographics and transit service characteristics as controls, to predict station-level ridership. Owing to the spatial dependency nature of the data, our results primarily focus on spatial regressions, suggesting that employment density and land-use entropy are consistent TOD-related features influencing station-level ridership. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy insights based on the findings, considering governmental initiatives in developing TOD policies.
Rights
Permission to publish the abstract has been given by SpringerLink, copyright remains with them.
Recommended Citation
Widita, A., Ikaputra, & Widyastuti, D. T. (2025). TOD-related features and station-level ridership: insights from the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia: A. Widita et al. Public Transport, 17(2), 505-527.
