Evolution of bus rapid transit concepts in Sub-Saharan Africa: towards lighter design and incremental deployment

Authors

• Alison Chetty
• Christoffel Venter

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

2025

Subject Area

place - africa, place - urban, mode - bus rapid transit, planning - service improvement

Keywords

Incremental BRT, Sub-Saharan Africa, BRT deployment, Development pathways, Design standards, Full BRT, BRT lite, Flexible design approach, Paratransit

Abstract

While Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has matured into a standardised set of technologies worldwide, its slow adoption in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) cities has raised questions about its suitability in some contexts. A number of key factors affect BRT adoption in SSA, including poorly developed road networks, constrained demand and affordability limits, and the strength and importance of the legacy informal public transport (PT) ecosystem. In response, some cities have increasingly departed from the conventional infrastructure-heavy BRT design approach towards lighter, more incremental deployment concepts, in an effort to better match local realities and constraints. This paper aims to describe this shift and put it into the context of a continuum of BRT deployment approaches. A literature review presents clarifying terminology and an overview of recent BRT system design in SSA cities. We then describe a phased implementation approach evolving in South African cities that focus on improving existing services gradually towards the final BRT design. Two examples of BRT evolution in large (City of Tshwane) and medium-sized (Rustenburg) cities are described in more detail. The potential implications of design standards are explored and provide insight for cities in developing countries seeking designs best-suited to enhance PT services with limited funding.

Rights

Permission to publish the abstract has been given by Elsevier, copyright remains with them.

Comments

Research in Transportation Economics Home Page:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07398859

Recommended Citation

Chetty, A., & Venter, C. (2025). Evolution of bus rapid transit concepts in Sub-Saharan Africa: towards lighter design and incremental deployment. Research in Transportation Economics, 112, 101604.