Robust electric bus charging in photovoltaic-energy storage systems with dual uncertainties

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

2025

Subject Area

place - asia, place - urban, mode - bus, infrastructure - fleet management, infrastructure - vehicle, technology - alternative fuels, technology - emissions

Keywords

electric buses (EBs), photovoltaic-energy storage system (PESS), charging schedule

Abstract

This study optimizes the charging schedule of electric buses (EBs) within a photovoltaic-energy storage system (PESS) to address dual uncertainties in energy consumption and photovoltaic generation. Both deterministic and robust models are developed to minimize costs related to grid electricity, energy storage, and carbon emissions. Uncertainty sets with budget parameters are employed to control solution conservativeness. Case studies using real data from Zhengzhou, China reveal that the deterministic model with PESS reduces daily total costs by 25.04% and carbon emissions by 94.35% compared to traditional charging systems (TCS). The two uncertainties demonstrate significant cumulative effects, with photovoltaic uncertainty showing greater impact than consumption uncertainty. Sensitivity analyses provide operational insights, including maintaining additional 200 kWh storage capacity during photovoltaic uncertainty periods, setting off-peak electricity prices above storage costs to promote photovoltaic self-consumption, and prioritizing PESS implementation at stations with space-constrained charging facilities where vehicle-to-charging pile ratios exceed 9.5:1.

Rights

Permission to publish the abstract has been given by Elsevier, copyright remains with them.

Comments

Transportation Research Part D Home Page:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13619209

Link to Full Text

Share

COinS